List of Types of Basic Electronic Components, Functions, Symbols.
Basic Electronic Components are electronic devices or parts usually packaged in a discrete form with two or more connecting leads or metallic pads. These devices are intended to be connected together, usually by soldering to a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), to create an electronic circuit with a particular function (for example an amplifier, radio receiver, oscillator, wireless).
Some of the Basic Electronic Components are: resistor, capacitor, transistor, diode, operational amplifier, resistor array, logic gate etc.
Table of Contents
These are of 2 types: Passive and Active Components. Both these types of components can be either Through-Hole or SMD.
These components are those that do not have gain or directionality. They are also called Electrical elements or electrical components.
Example: Resistors, Capacitors, Diodes, Inductors.
These components are those that have gain or directionality.
Example: Transistors, Integrated Circuits or ICs, Logic Gates.
Different Types of Resistor
A Resistor is an electrical device that resists the flow of electrical current. It is a passive device used to control, or impede the flow of, electric current in an electric circuit by providing resistance, thereby developing a drop in voltage across the device.
There are two basic types of resistors:
A capacitor is a device used to store and release electricity, usually as the result of a chemical action. Also referred to as a storage cell, a secondary cell, a condenser or an accumulator. A Leyden Jar was an early example of a capacitor.
Capacitors are further divided into two mechanical groups: Capacitors with Fixed-capacitance and variable capacitors.
A Diode is an electronic component that allows electric current to flow in one direction only. It is a semiconductor device that consists of a p-n junction. It can be either forward biased or reverse biased.
They are most commonly used to convert AC to DC, because they pass the positive (+) part of the wave, and block the negative (–) part of the AC signal, or, if they are reversed, they pass only the negative part and not the positive part.
Types of a diode:
Different Types of Inductors
An inductor is a passive electrical device (typically a conducting coil) that introduces inductance into a electric circuit. It is basically a coil of wire with many winding, often wound around a core made of a magnetic material, like iron. Simplest form of an inductor is made up of a coil of wire.
The inductance measured in henrys, is proportional to the number of turns of wire, the wire loop diameter and the material or core the wire is wound around.
Inductors are categorized into different types based on their core material and mechanical construction:
A transistor is a semiconductor device that acts as an amplifier, a switch, or a signal modulator. It consists of three layers – the emitter, base, and collector – each doped with different materials to create either a positive (P-type) or negative (N-type) charge. This ingenious design enables transistors to control the flow of current and amplify weak signals with remarkable precision.
There are two primary types of transistors:
Integrated Circuit )IC)
Integrated Circuit or IC is an SMD Electronic Component made up of combination of several transistors, diode, resistor, capacitors in a tiny semiconductor chip. Integrated Circuit Electronic Components or IC are of small size and very light weight. They produce excellent results at low power.
Types of IC on the basis of technology:
Types of IC on the basis of external structure:
A Simple Digital Electronic Circuit
Logic gates are fundamental building blocks of digital circuits, used in computers and electronic devices to perform logical operations. They manipulate binary values, representing true (1) or false (0) states, through Boolean algebra.
Common types of logic include: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR gates, each executing specific logical functions.
Here is list of all the most commonly used basic electronic components:
| Active Components | Passive Components |
| Light Emitting Diode (LED) | Resistor |
| Transistor | Capacitor |
| Integrated Circuit (IC) | Inductor |
| Battery | Circuit Breaker |
| Relay (Can also be used as Passive) | Fuse |
| Diode | Switch |
| Solar Cell | Transformer |
| Current Sensor | Electrical Wires & Power Cables |
| SMD Components | Motor |
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Basic electronic components are fundamental building blocks used in electronic circuits to perform specific functions. These components include resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, and transistors, etc.
A resistor is used to control the flow of electric current in an electronic circuit by providing resistance. It helps limit the current, divide voltage, and adjust signal levels.
A capacitor stores and releases electrical energy. It is often used to filter signals, smooth voltage fluctuations, and store charge for various applications.
A diode allows current to flow in one direction only. It is used for rectification ( converting AC to DC ), voltage regulation, and signal demodulation in various electronic devices.
A transistor acts as an amplifier or a switch in electronic circuits. It can amplify weak signals, control larger currents, and perform logical operations, making it a versatile component in modern electronics.
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